Lupus: What to watch for and what to do next

Think you might have lupus or know someone who does? Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, heart and other organs. It often shows up in waves — good days and flare days — and can look like other illnesses, which is why people can wait months before getting the right diagnosis.

Here are clear, practical signs to watch for: persistent fatigue, joint pain or swelling, a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose, sensitivity to sunlight, fever without a clear cause, hair loss, mouth or nose ulcers, and unexplained chest pain or shortness of breath. If you have several of these, see a doctor for tests rather than guessing at home remedies.

How lupus is diagnosed

Doctors don’t rely on one single test. They combine your symptoms, a physical exam and several blood and urine tests. The most common blood test is ANA (antinuclear antibody). A positive ANA needs follow-up tests like anti-dsDNA or anti-Smith antibodies, complement levels, a complete blood count, and markers of inflammation (ESR or CRP). Urine tests check for kidney involvement. If needed, your doctor may order imaging or a biopsy.

Specialists called rheumatologists usually manage lupus. If your GP suspects lupus, ask for a referral. Early diagnosis matters — it helps prevent organ damage and lets you start the right treatment faster.

Treatment and everyday management

Treatment aims to control flares, protect organs, and reduce symptoms. Common medicines include NSAIDs for pain, hydroxychloroquine for skin and joint symptoms, short courses of corticosteroids for flares, and stronger immunosuppressants when organs are at risk. Newer biologic drugs may be an option for some patients. Always follow the prescription plan and talk to your doctor about side effects.

Daily habits make a difference. Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing to reduce sun-triggered flares. Aim for steady, low-impact exercise (walking, swimming) to protect joints and boost mood. Eat balanced meals, avoid smoking, and get good sleep. Keep a symptom diary — note triggers, medication changes, and flare patterns; this helps your care team adjust treatment.

There are pregnancy and fertility considerations with lupus. If you’re planning a pregnancy, speak with your rheumatologist early. With careful planning and monitoring, many people with lupus have healthy pregnancies.

When to seek urgent care: sudden severe chest pain, trouble breathing, sudden weakness or confusion, very high fever, or signs of severe infection while on immune-suppressing drugs. These need immediate medical attention.

Lupus can feel overwhelming, but many people manage it well with the right care. Ask your healthcare team for local support groups, reliable patient resources, and advice tailored to your situation. If you live in Africa, ask about local clinics and public health programs that can help with tests and medicines. You don’t have to manage lupus on your own — reach out and get the care you need.